Maine Coon Cat – physical characteristics, personality, and how to know if it's the right breed for you and your loved ones
“Appearances can be deceiving.” This wise saying perfectly applies to Maine Coon cats. This is because, beyond their impressive stature and firm, sometimes intimidating gaze, behind the "giant" lies a gentle nature, a sociable character, and remarkable devotion.
In the following, we invite you to learn more about the largest cat breed, its physical and personality traits, how to properly care for a Maine Coon, and how to know if such a cat is right for you and your loved ones.
Main characteristics of the Maine Coon breed
Physical and behavioral peculiarities of the Maine Coon cat
Differences between Maine Coon and Norwegian Forest Cat
Maine Coon cat personality
How to properly care for a Maine Coon cat
How to raise a Maine Coon cat in optimal conditions – useful tips
How to know if a Maine Coon cat is right for you
Main characteristics of the Maine Coon breed
The Maine Coon is one of the friendliest and most intelligent feline breeds. Although its appearance can seem intimidating, the cat's character is gentle, very friendly with people, although it maintains a distance from strangers. It has a great capacity to learn commands and adapt to its environment.
Physically, it is the largest cat breed and has some specific features.
Physical characteristics of the Maine Coon cat
One of the characteristics of the Maine Coon breed is its impressive size. Such a large cat can reach a height of 25-40 cm, a length of 48-101 cm, and weigh between 3.6 and 11.3 kg. Other physical traits include:
coat: semi-long, dense, compact; the hairs are shorter on the head, shoulders, and lower legs, and longer on the back, hips, and tail; the hair on the abdomen and legs is coarse and very dense; the Maine Coon gives the impression of wearing "trousers," and around the neck, a "collar" of longer fur; due to multiple layers of fur, Maine Coons have excellent water resistance, which they, in fact, adore;
colors: varied; over 80 shades, difficult to group into patterns and categories;
musculature: it is a massive cat, with solid legs and very strong musculature; the neck is robust (especially in males), the paws are wide, rounded;
eyes: slightly oval, large, very expressive; their color varies from green, amber, yellow, to blue (very rare, in white cats);
tail: as long as the body, usually carried upright, with long, dense, and soft fur;
lifespan: 9-15 years.
Origins of the Maine Coon breed
The origins of the Maine Coon are not precisely known, but it is known that it originated in the state of Maine, USA. It is considered the only semi-longhaired cat breed native to the USA. The breed became known in 1895 when, at a beauty contest, the grand prize was won by a superb tabby Maine Coon named Leo. For five years, the tomcat dominated all competitions in Boston until he was defeated by his kitten in 1900.
After this moment, a decline in the history of the Maine Coon began, as the Persian breed gained much popularity.
The first specimens were brought to Europe in 1978, and in 1985, the state of Maine officially recognized, by normative act, the Maine Coon breed as the "national American cat."
Types of Maine Coon cats
Although there is no official classification by color, Maine Coon cats can be grouped into several types, the most common of which are: calico, tabby, bicolor, tortie, solid. It is a breed with a very wide variety of colors and shade combinations.
Calico Maine Coon
Calico Maine Coon cats are characterized by color "patches" spread all over their bodies. The predominant shades are beige, black, white, and reddish. The arrangement of the patches differs from one individual to another.
Tortie Maine Coon
Multicolor is the most suitable word to describe Tortie Maine Coon cats, their coloring being varied. There is no predominant shade or specific pattern, the tones being intertwined.
Solid Maine Coon
Solid Maine Coon cats are single-colored. They can be completely white, black, brown, reddish, without other patches. Some white specimens have blue eyes, which are rarer in Maine Coons, but they can also be yellow or brick-colored.
Tabby Maine Coon
Tabby Maine Coons are characterized by darker stripes present all over the body, sometimes even on the tail. There are several combinations, such as: gray with black stripes, brown with black stripes, white with reddish stripes.
Bicolor Maine Coon
A Bicolor Maine Coon's fur is white and brown or reddish, dark gray, or silver, etc. Usually, such a specimen has completely white paws, chest, and abdomen, but there can be exceptions.
Physical and behavioral peculiarities of the Maine Coon cat
Each cat breed is unique in its own way, and the Maine Coon is no exception. There are some physical and behavioral peculiarities that define its personality, and below are some examples in this regard:
Lynx-like ears
The Maine Coon cat's ears are conical, very pointed, and end in tufts of hair similar to those of a lynx. This is one of the distinct signs that can guide you to recognize the breed immediately and not confuse it with the Siberian or the Norwegian Forest Cat.
Furry paws
As with other breeds, such as the Ragdoll or the Norwegian Forest Cat, the Maine Coon's paws are very fluffy, due to the long tufts of fur on and around them. In some specimens, these tufts of hair can exceed 2 cm in length.
The "M" on the forehead
One of the particular physical signs of the Maine Coon cat is the "M" shaped pattern on its forehead. A Ragdoll cat also has such a mark, but it is in the shape of a "V" (in bicolor specimens) or "W".
The Maine Coon "collar"
The fur around the neck tends to grow longer and have a different volume than the fur on the body, giving the impression of a collar or a mane. It is no wonder that a Maine Coon cat often resembles a young lion.
The Maine Coon's muzzle and cheekbones
Unlike other cats, which have rounded chins, Maine Coons have a more pointed jaw. The muzzle is square, with a very strong chin, and the cheekbones are high and well-defined. The entire jaw area has a square contour. At the same time, the Maine Coon's profile is elongated, with a barely visible concavity.
Maine Coon, a great water lover
Of all cat breeds, the Maine Coon is by far the champion when it comes to enjoying water. While most domestic cats tend to run away from water, Maine Coons adore it. So, if you decide to raise such a feline, don't be surprised if you often see it near or under the water tap, bathing in the pool or in a full bathtub, or playing with the water bowl.
How a Maine Coon cat drinks water
The way a Maine Coon cat drinks water is specific. Starting from its origins and the environment in which its ancestors once lived, you will notice that a Maine Coon will never drink water immediately after you put it in its bowl. It will circle around first, test the water with its paw, clean it, even if it seems to have no impurities, and only then will it drink. Sometimes, it cups its paw to drink.
The Maine Coon cat's voice
Maine Coons are vocal cats that will not hesitate to communicate with you often. However, they do not do it in any way. They like to meow for a long time, make sounds similar to chirping (and not necessarily to attract prey, such as sparrows or turtledoves) and "talk" in trills. It will be even more vocal the better it feels in its environment.
Differences between Maine Coon and Norwegian Forest Cat
Maine Coon
Norwegian Forest Cat
The Maine Coon is sometimes confused with the Siberian cat, but most often with the Norwegian Forest Cat. Admittedly, there are some similarities between the two breeds, such as their gentle nature, impressive ruff, and distinctive fur, but also major differences, such as:
size – Maine Coons are much larger than Norwegian Forest Cats;
ears – the Maine Coon cat has more pointed ears than the Norwegian Forest Cat, and there are obvious tufts of fur at their tips; the Norwegian also has tufts in the ear area, but they are more towards the inside and less towards the tips;
meow – Maine Coons are very vocal and the sounds they make are varied; the Norwegian is quieter and will not meow for a long time except in exceptional situations;
energy – Norwegian Forest Cats are less active than Maine Coons, although they enjoy outdoor movement and play quite a lot; a Norwegian will be active for a while, after which it will want to rest; a Maine Coon, on the other hand, is able to be active all day if you pay attention to it;
loyalty – a Maine Coon cat will remain loyal to you even if you don't play with it very often; it's enough for it to know you're close; a Norwegian, on the other hand, will look for another playmate if you don't give it enough attention;
fur – the Norwegian's fur is well-directed and long all over the body, including the tail; a Maine Coon's fur has a more "shaggy" appearance and is not uniformly long.
Maine Coon cat personality
In general, Maine Coon cats are very sociable and devoted to the family they live with. However, each cat has its own personality and not all are very friendly with children, for example. Usually, they are very protective and will get along wonderfully with the youngest members of the family.
At the same time, although they like to be in human company, they have an independent nature and are territorial animals. From this perspective, you should know that a Maine Coon cat doesn't like to be petted at any time, won't sit on your lap all the time, won't come when called, but will always greet you when you come home and will follow you everywhere because it is very curious.
Also, when interacting with other cats or animals, it will behave well as long as it doesn't feel threatened or dominated.
The Maine Coon cat is a born hunter and loves outdoor life. Even indoors, it will create its own opportunities to stalk birds, for example, and attack them if it gets the chance. Fake mice and feathered or moving toys are excellent ways to keep its attention occupied.
A particularity of the Maine Coon cat is its expressiveness. Thus, you will know how it feels by its gaze: delighted, nervous, grumpy, surprised, curious. You will easily figure out what it likes and what it doesn't.
How to properly care for a Maine Coon cat
Proper care for a Maine Coon cat is based, first and foremost, on a diet adequate to the needs of each individual cat. Secondly, the lifestyle you create for it is very important: offering it enough space for exercise and playing with it a lot. Then, the way you maintain its fur and how you train it, being a very intelligent cat, is essential.
Appropriate diet for a Maine Coon cat
To ensure that the diet is correct for your cat, it is essential to follow your veterinarian's recommendations. However, there are also some general rules, which refer to:
balanced diet – offer a varied diet that includes both dry and wet food; avoid giving it cooked human food, as it can be harmful;
give it cat grass occasionally – a Maine Coon cat swallows a lot of hair when grooming itself, and there is a risk of hairball formation in the stomach; special cat grass will help it eliminate this hair;
daily food portion – varies depending on the ambient temperature (in summer, when it's very hot, cats eat less), lifestyle (if it's not very active, you will give it less food to avoid obesity), the cat's temperament (if it's very active and expends a lot of energy, it will need protein-rich food);
diet change – after sterilization or neutering, if health problems arise or there is a risk of obesity, a diet change is necessary, but only on the veterinarian's recommendation; the transition from one diet to another should be done gradually, by mixing small amounts of different food for a week;
properly feed kittens, pregnant or lactating cats – for example, for kittens over three months old, as well as for pregnant or lactating cats, Royal Canin Maine Coon Kitten 10 kg dry cat food can be an excellent choice; it contains 36% protein, 23% fat, 2.9% fiber, 8.3% ash, 1.32% calcium, 1.15% phosphorus, ensuring a complete diet for your feline;
choose appropriate wet and dry food for adult Maine Coon cats, such as:
Royal Canin Maine Coon Adult 10 kg dry cat food – rich in dehydrated poultry meat, selected, high-quality, and easily digestible proteins; additionally, soy oil, fish, beet pulp, green tea extract, and hydrolyzed crustaceans offer the cat not only the pleasure of an irresistible taste but also the nutrition it needs to replenish its energy reserves;
Vom Feinsten Adult Multicocktail 100g wet cat food – intended for adults up to six years old, this is a type of food your cat will adore, thanks to its 65% meat and animal derivatives (beef, poultry, pork, 8% turkey hearts) and minerals;
Reflex Plus Adult Cat Lamb and Rice 15 kg dry food – ensures a complete and balanced diet, based on lamb and rice, for adult cats over one year old;
Carny Adult Beef + Heart 200g wet cat food – with 48% beef (meat, lungs, liver, kidneys, udder) and 17% heart, grain-free and soy-free, this type of wet food is recommended for Maine Coon cats aged between one and six years.
Maine Coon cat health problems
Generally, Maine Coon cats have a robust build and good health, but there are certain risks related to either genetic inheritance or aging. Thus, the most common problems that can occur are:
hip dysplasia – is a bone condition, caused by the cat's size; it is very painful and can appear with age;
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) – is a serious heart condition and can occur in both kittens and adult cats; an annual cardiac check-up is recommended, regardless of the Maine Coon cat's age;
polycystic kidney disease – is one of the most common medical problems affecting the Maine Coon breed and, unfortunately, it is untreatable; moreover, in the early stages, there are no symptoms, so often it leads to kidney failure;
juvenile gingivitis – is a condition that appears in kittens and adolescents and, if left untreated, can become a chronic problem in adulthood.
Read also: Cat intestinal parasites and deworming
How to properly care for a Maine Coon's coat
At first glance, the Maine Coon's coat is very easy to maintain, requiring only one brushing per week. Since not all cats will be eager and happy to be brushed, their fur can get tangled, forming mats that will create discomfort. In this situation, it is advisable to take your cat to the vet to have it clipped (although it may not tolerate this easily) and to avoid irritations or various bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections (especially if it also spends time outdoors). Also, in spring, Maine Coon cats can shed profusely and require more careful grooming.
How to train a Maine Coon cat
In addition to their impressive beauty, Maine Coon cats are also very intelligent. They love to play, be active, and have the ability to learn commands very quickly. Some of them can even retrieve. At the same time, it is a cat that you can walk without problems on a leash, but you will first have to practice with it at home or in a place where it feels safe. Of course, not all individuals will be convinced to stay on a leash, and you will have to take into account your cat's personality so as not to force it.
How to raise a Maine Coon cat in optimal conditions – useful tips
To properly care for a Maine Coon cat, it is essential to know its characteristics very well and to keep in mind that each individual has its own personality. General behavioral traits are only guidelines that you can follow, not absolute rules. Therefore, here are some useful tips to create optimal conditions for your Maine Coon cat to feel excellent at home:
offer it diverse possibilities to expend its energy – Maine Coon cats are very active; therefore, they can be raised without problems even in ordinary apartments, as long as you distract them with various toys, offer them complex climbing structures, and dedicate at least ten minutes a day to playing with them; it is preferable for them to have space to run; a yard or a park are welcome for them to expend their energy;
arrange refuges for it – even if it is very attached to people, your cat will need moments just for itself; therefore, offer it diverse options to retreat: cat houses, beds adapted to its size, spaces where it can hide whenever it wants to disappear for a while;
provide it with a large litter box – it is important that the litter box is as large as possible so that the cat has room in it and can move as needed.
How to know if a Maine Coon cat is right for you
When you decide to raise a Maine Coon cat, it is good to consider both the feline's needs and your own. Therefore, aspects such as those below should weigh heavily in making a decision:
the time you have available – Maine Coon cats do not like to be alone, and even if they are very independent and do not spend all day wanting to be petted, they need attention and can be demanding in this regard; therefore, if you know you are a very busy person who is away from home a lot, it might be good to consider another breed;
available space – it is a large cat that needs space to develop correctly and move freely; it can adapt to small homes, but it is preferable to have at least a small yard where it can play and hunt;
the budget you can allocate – being a large cat, it needs a lot of food, though not excessively; then, it will likely be necessary to set up a more complex play area (for sharpening claws and climbing) to prevent boredom; in addition, you will most likely need to consult a specialist to trim its claws or groom its coat thoroughly;
don't be fooled by its gentle nature – generally, Maine Coon cats are very gentle, but they have their own personality, which differs from individual to individual; sometimes, they can become aggressive, especially with strangers or if they get scared, and, obviously, like any cat, they sometimes get up to mischief.
A Maine Coon cat is an impressive presence, thanks to its imposing physique and fascinating gaze. If you decide to raise such a feline, it is good to consider not only its unique appearance but also its special needs and personality. Therefore, take into account some recommendations, such as those above, and build realistic expectations. Also, do not forget to consult with your veterinarian, not only regarding proper nutrition but also to prevent or monitor various conditions. A well-maintained Maine Coon cat will delight you with its antics and charm you with its intelligence and beauty.
See also other cat breeds
Photo source: Shutterstock
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